TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OF INVESTMENT PLANNING

2nd Edition

CHAPTER 1: CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

Certificates of Deposit

Money Market Funds

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 2: U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 3: CORPORATE BONDS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHAPTER 4: CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 5: MUNICIPAL BONDS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 6: STRIPPED BONDS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

 

CHAPTER 7: ZERO-COUPON BONDS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 8: PROMISSORY NOTES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHAPTER 9: GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACTS (GICs)

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 10: COMMON STOCKS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHAPTER 11: PREFERRED STOCK

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHAPTER 12: WARRANTS AND RIGHTS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

Stock Rights

Warrants

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 13: STOCK OPTIONS

WHAT ARE THEY?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 14: FINANCIAL FUTURES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 15: COMMODITY FUTURES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 16: MUTUAL FUNDS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 17: EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS (ETFs)

WHAT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 18: LIFE INSURANCE

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHEN AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

Appropriate Types of Policies

Specific Policies

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 19: ANNUITIES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW TO GET IT

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 20: REAL ESTATE

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

Outright Ownership

General Partnership

Limited Partnership

Corporation

S Corporation

REITs

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 21: REITS (REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS)

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO IT GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 22: REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE INVESTMENT CONDUITS (REMICs)

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 23: ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 24: OIL AND GAS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THE TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 25: GOLD AND OTHER PRECIOUS METALS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 26: COLLECTIBLES

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 27: LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 28: PRIVATE PLACEMENTS AND VENTURE CAPITAL

WHAT IS IT?

Private Placements

Venture Capital

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE AND HOW DO I GET IT?

WHAT FEES OR OTHER ACQUISITION COSTS ARE INVOLVED?

HOW DO I SELECT THE BEST OF ITS TYPE?

Private Placements

Venture Capital

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 29: AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS

WHAT IS IT?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TOOL INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

TAX IMPLICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

 

CHAPTER 30: INVESTMENT RISK

WHAT IS IT?

Causes of Variability in an Investment’s Expected Return

TYPES OR SOURCES OF RISK

INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT

 

CHAPTER 31: MEASURING INVESTMENT RISK

WHAT IS IT?

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

STANDARD DEVIATION AND VARIANCE

SEMI-VARIANCE

COVARIANCE AND CORRELATION

BETA

R-SQUARED (R2)

SKEWNESS

KURTOSIS

SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS COMBINED

HOW IT IS DONE – AN EXAMPLE

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

 

CHAPTER 32: TIME VALUE CONCEPTS

WHAT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TECHNIQUE INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED?

Basic Time Value Formulas

Present Value Calculations

Overview

Present Value of Future Lump Sum Payment

Present Value of Perpetual Annuity

Present Value of Ordinary Annuity

Present Value of Annuity Due

Future Value Calculations

Future Value of Present Lump Sum

Future Value of Ordinary Annuity

Future Value of Annuity Due

Annuity Payment Calculations

Overview

Ordinary Annuity Payment for a Given Present Value

Annuity Due Payment for a Given Present Value

Periodic Payment for a Perpetual Annuity (n = 8)

Ordinary Annuity Payment for a Given Future Value

Annuity Due Payment for a Given Future Value

Number of Periods or Term Calculations

Overview

Number of Periods for Present Lump Sum Value to Reach Future Value

Number of Periods Present Value Will Provide Ordinary Annuity Payments

Number of Periods Present Value Will Provide Annuity Due Payments

Number of Periods of Ordinary Annuity Payments to Reach Future Value

Number of Periods of Annuity Due Payments to Reach Future Value

Caveat: Final Payment Adjustment When n Is a Non-Integer Value

Rate-Of-Return Calculations

Rate of Return Required for Lump Sum Present Value to Reach Future Value

Rate of Return on Annuities

Rate Conversions, Compounding Periods, and Effective Interest Rates

Stated Annual Rate

Effective Annual Rate

Equivalent Annuities/Loan Payments

ADJUSTING FOR INFLATION OR GROWTH FACTORS

Overview

Inflation/Growth-Adjusted Rate of Return

Inflation/Growth Adjusted ROR, PVs and FVs

Inflation/Growth Adjusted ROR and Annuities

ADJUSTING FOR TAXES

Overview

Tax Leverage

Up-Front Deductions or Exclusions

Tax-Deferred Earnings or Benefits

Nondeductible Contributions and Tax-Deferred Earnings

Applying the Formulas

Adding Capital Gains or Partially Tax-Deferred Income

Present Value Formula

Future Value of Annuity Formulas

Present Value of Annuity Formulas

Inflation/Growth Adjusted Formulas

Inflation/Growth Adjusted Rate of Return

Inflation/Growth-Adjusted Payment Streams

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

 

CHAPTER 33: MEASURING INVESTMENT RETURN

WHAT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TECHNIQUE INDICATED?

RATE OF RETURN CONCEPTS

Total Return

Holding-Period Return

Annualized Returns

Simple and Arithmetic Average Annual Returns

Compound and Geometric Average Annual Returns

Simple Versus Compound and Arithmetic Versus Geometric

Nominal and Real (Inflation-Adjusted) Returns

Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value

Time-Weighted and Dollar-Weighted Annual Returns

After-Tax Return and Taxable-Equivalent Return

Risk-Adjusted Returns

HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED

I. Net Present Value

How to Compute Net Present Value

II. Internal Rate of Return

How to Compute Internal Rate of Return

Shortcomings of the IRR Method

III. Modified Internal Rate of Return Methods

IV. Pay Back Period

V. Cash on Cash

VI. Using Analytical Methods to Compare Investments

Independent Versus Mutually Exclusive Investments

Incremental Analysis Methodology

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 34: MEASURING YIELD

WHAT IS IT?

Fixed-Income Terminology

Bond Pricing

Market Interest Rates

Bond Yields

Interest Rate Volatility

Special Cases

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 35: SECURITY VALUATION

WHAT IS IT?

DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW METHODS

Discounted Dividend Models

Discounted Free Cash Flow Models

Capitalized Earnings

MARKET BASED METHODS

Price/Earnings Approach

Price/Free Cash Flow Approach

Price/Sales Approach

ASSET BASED METHODS

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 36: ASSET PRICING MODELS

WHAT ARE THEY?

PORTFOLIO THEORY AND ASSET PRICING MODELS

Markowitz Portfolio Theory

Capital Market Line

Capital Asset Pricing Model

Arbitrage Pricing Theory

Option Pricing Models

OPTIONS PRICING FUNDAMENTALS

Call Options Pricing

The Binomial Model

Black-Scholes Model

Put Option Pricing

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 37: PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND MEASUREMENT

WHAT IS IT?

THE INVESTMENT PROCESS

Client Lifecycle Analysis

Client Risk Tolerance

THE INVESTMENT POLICY STATEMENT

Return Measures For Portfolio Evaluation

Risk-Adjusted Performance Measures

Selecting an Appropriate Benchmark

Risk-Adjusted Measures and Investment Policy

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 38: ASSET ALLOCATION AND PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION

WHAT IS IT?

ASSET ALLOCATION

Modern Portfolio Theory and Asset Allocation

Strategic Asset Allocation

Tactical Asset Allocation

Monte-Carlo Simulation

INDIVIDUAL SECURITY SELECTION

Market Efficiency

Strong Form EMT

Semi-Strong Form EMT

Weak Form EMT

EMT Anomalies

Active Security Selection

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 39: INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

WHAT IS IT?

SECURITY SELECTION

Fundamental Analysis

Company Fundamentals

Company Ratios

Fundamental Screening

Technical Analysis

TIMING OF INVESTMENT PURCHASES AND SALES

Market Timing

Buy and Hold

Passive Investing or Indexing

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 40: FORMULA INVESTING

WHAT IS IT?

DOLLAR COST AVERAGING

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT

FIXED-INCOME STRATEGIES

Immunization

Ladder Portfolio

Barbell Strategy

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 41: HEDGING AND OPTION STRATEGIES

WHAT ARE THEY?

WHEN IS THE USE OF SUCH DEVICES INDICATED?

HOW IS IT DONE?

Fundamental Investment Principles

Sales, Stop-Loss Orders, and Short Sales

Stop-Loss Orders

Short Sales

Short Sales against the Box

Short Sales of Close Substitutes

Short Sale of Exchange-Traded Funds

Selling a Forward Contract or Futures Contract

Offsetting Notional Principal Contract or Equity Swap

Pre-Paid Forward Sale

Final Note

Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives

Nature of the Derivatives Markets

Options, Spanning, and Synthetics

Option Premiums

Option Strategies

Long Call

Short Call

Long Put

Short Put

Covered Call

Protective Put

Bull Spread

Bear Spread

Collar

Straddle

Strangle

Butterfly

Calendar Spread

WHAT ARE THE TAX IMPLICATIONS?

Constructive Sale Rules

Avoiding Constructive Sale Treatment

Straddle Rules

Straddle Defined

Straddle Rule Tax Implications on Closing the Straddle

Economics of Primary Hedging Strategies

Conclusion

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

 

CHAPTER 42: LEVERAGING INVESTMENT ASSETS

WHAT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

WHEN IS THE USE OF THIS TECHNIQUE INDICATED?

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

HOW IS IT IMPLEMENTED?

WHAT ARE THE TAX IMPLICATIONS?

WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

CHAPTER 43: TAXATION OF INVESTMENT VEHICLES

WHY TAXES ARE IMPORTANT T0 THE INVESTOR

ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION ISSUES

Basis

At Risk Rules

Property Acquired From a Decedent

Property Acquired by Gift

General Business Tax Credits

Timing of Reporting Gain or Loss upon Disposition

Installment Sales

Character of Gain or Loss

Holding Period

INCOME AND EXPENSES WHILE THE INVESTMENT IS HELD

Income Defined

Character of Income or Loss

Passive Activity Income or Loss

Deductible Expenses

Deductibility of Interest

Deductibility of Investment Expenses Other than Interest

Timing of Recognition of Income and Expenses

Constructive Receipt

Economic Benefit

Restricted Property

Prepaid Deductions

THE FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE STRUCTURE

Ordinary Income Tax Rates

Capital Gain Tax Rates

Qualified Dividend Income

Exclusions

Dividends from Mutual Funds and REITs

Alternative Minimum Tax

AMT Computation

Adjustment to Taxable Income

Tax Preferences

Alternative Minimum Tax Credit

Tax Planning for the AMT

The Impact of Capital Gains

The “Kiddie Tax” – Unearned Income of Certain Minor Children

SELECTED INVESTMENT TAX ISSUES

Original Issue and Market Discounts and Premiums

Discounts

Premiums

Short-Sale Rules

Short-Term or Long-Term Capital Gain or Loss

Reporting Substitute Payments

Wash Sale Rules

Options and Futures Contracts

Warrants

Substantially Identical

More or Less Stock Bought than Sold

Loss and Gain on Same Day

Dealers

Short Sales

Residual Interests in a REMIC

How to Report

Constructive-Sale Rules

History

Current Tax Law

Constructive Sales

Related Parties

Exception for Nonmarketable Securities

Exception for Certain Closed Transactions

Appreciated Financial Position

Certain Trust Instruments Treated as Stock

Sale of Appreciated Financial Position

Straddle Rules

Loss Deferral Rules

How to Report Gains and Losses (Form 6781)

Coordination of Loss Deferral Rules and Wash Sale Rules

Holding Period and Loss Treatment Rules

Mixed Straddles

 

CHAPTER 44: TAX-EFFICIENT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

TAX EXEMPT EQUIVALENT (TAXABLE EQUIVALENT YIELD)

ORDINARY INCOME, CAPITAL GAIN, AND QUALIFIED DIVIDENDS

TIMING OF CAPITAL GAIN OR LOSS

MUTUAL FUNDS

 

CHAPTER 45: INVESTMENT STRATEGIES FOR TAX-ADVANTAGED ACCOUNTS

ROTH IRA VS. TRADITIONAL IRA

CONVERTING TRADITIONAL IRA TO ROTH IRA

OTHER IRAS AND QUALIFIED PLANS

MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF TAX LEVERAGE

Comparing Alternative Investments

Implications and Conclusions

EXAMPLE: GEORGE’S RETIREMENT PLANS

WHICH ASSETS SHOULD BE IN RETIREMENT PLANS?

The Issue

Deductible Contributions

DISTRIBUTIONS OF EMPLOYER SECURITIES WITH NET UNREALIZED APPRECIATION

Overview

Taxation

Planning